Print this pageEffect of hypertension on organ.
-Vascular disease such as stroke, brain haemorrhage and Transient ischemic attact (TIA).
-Heart disease such as heart failure, myocardial infarction and angina pectoris.
-Kidney disease such as renal failure. Vascular diseases such as: Disksi aorta and atherosclerosis.
-Eye disease such as: Odema pupil, thickening of the retina and retinal hemorrhage.
Clinical manifestations Most patients who suffer from hypertension do not have any complaints. But some patients complain of headache, dizziness, weakness, shortness of breath, fatigue, decreased consciousness, agitation, nausea, muscle weakness or mental changes. Treatment aims to reduce morbidity and mortality with minimal or no side effects. When blood pressure may be maintained 140 mmHg systole diastole da 90 mmHg.
Treatment with non farmaka way is to modify / arrange a healthy lifestyle and pharmacological treatment is with anti-hypertensive drugs.
Blood disorders
1. Red Blood Cell Disorders.
When red blood cells (rbc) is sent from the bone marrow into the circulation system, under normal circumstances would be circulated tbsp average 120 days before the destruction. When the membrane becomes fragile so tablespoon tablespoon can be broken during the journey through the narrow part of the circulation mainly diadalam spleen. When the spleen is forced to be discarded, some abnormal blood cells and older cells that circulate in the circulation is increased.
Destruction Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is released from cells broken in pagosit and undigested by retikuloendotel cells, releasing the iron back into the blood which will be transported to the bone marrow for the formation of new red blood cells or stored hearts or other tissue in the form of ferritin. While the section called "seams" modified by retikuloendotel cells into bile pigments and bilirubin in the blood and disposed in the secretion by the liver into bile.
AnemiaAnemia means deficiency of red blood cells that can be caused by the loss of red blood cells or the formation of too many red blood cells that are too slow.
Some types of anemia: A. Blood loss anemia. After losing blood fast and a lot of body to replace the plasma in a day or two days, but low concentrations of red blood cells. When the second hemorrhage occurs, the concentration of red blood cells returned to normal within three or four weeks. In chronic bleeding, people often can not consume large quantities of iron, so that red blood cells and hemoglobin formed a little too little, causing hipokromik microcytic anemia.
B. Anemia aplastic Therefore, production of red cells decreases drah as in a bone marrow aplasia caused gamma ray radiation, nuclear bombs, typically suffer complete destruction of the bone marrow. Also X-ray therapy or excessive chemicals and drugs that suppress the bone marrow.
C. Maturation failure anemia As with pernicious anemia caused by deficiency of vitamin B 12, Folic acid and intrinsic factor gastric mucosa. Red blood cells tetrbentuk immature, so the form of large cells called megaloblastic anemia.
D. Hemolytic anemia Red blood cells are very fragile and easily broken capillaries, especially when passing through the red blood cells formed limpa.Walaupun quite a lot but a short lifetime so that it can happen anemia which is very dangerous and most of these blood disorders is heriditer (lowered).
Types of hemolytic anemia include:
-Sferositosis hereditary, red blood cells are very small and spherical so easily broken.
-Sickle Anemia, many containing Hb S, very fragile red blood cells causing anemia which is very dangerous.
-Called Cooley's anemia thalassemia Mediterenia, heriditer, small red blood cells and easily broken.
-Eriblastosis fetalis, Rh positive red blood cells in the fetus in fetus being attacked by antibodies from an Rh negative mother.
-Hemolysis can also occur because of a transfusion reaction, malaria and medicine.
Polycythaemia
-Secondary polycythemia. When the tissue is hypoxic because of too little oxygen in the atmosphere or because of failure to deliver oxygen to the heart failure kejaringan like the organ-forming drah drah automatically produce red cells in large quantities, this condition is called secondary polycythaemia. The number of normal red blood cells of approximately 3-4 million per cubic millimeter, whereas in polycythemia red blood cell count can increase to 6-8 million, even up to 9 million cubic meters per millimeter. Types of secondary polycythemia polycythemia is often found is physiological, ie the people who live site altitude 14000-17000 feet above sea level.
-Polycythaemia Vera. Red blood cells can reach 6-8 million per cubic millimeter and hematocrit value 70% - 80%, caused tumors in the organs of state that produces red blood cells. Cause the formation of red blood cells and platelets are also increased blood berlebih.Volume sometimes up to twice the normal blood volume, so the entire circulation system is stretched.
2. Disorders of white blood cells.
Agranulocytosis. Where the bone marrow stops forming neutropil, causing the body not protected against bacteria and other agents that will attack the network. In fact the human body alive by holding simbiose by many bacteria. Almost every part of the mouth to the vagina and the skin there are bacteria in certain limits. Within two days after the bone marrow stops forming white blood cells then pass the infection. Without treatment death usually occurs three to six days after the onset agranulocytosis. Agranulocytosis could be caused by gamma rays, drugs and chemicals. Leukemia In these circumstances the formation of white blood cells can not be monitored due to mutation of cancer cells or cells mielogen limpogen. This causes leukemi normally characterized by an increasing number of abnormal white blood cells in blood circulation is very tall.
There are two types of leukemi namely:
-Leukemi limpogenetik
-Leukemi mielogenetik
Leukemi cells are usually not functional, so that puth blood cells can not provide protection to the body, instead destroys tissue that often arise from sendiri.Efek leukemi is an infection, severe anemia, thus prone to bleeding because of thrombocytopenia.
3.Gangguan Lymphe system. Hodgkin's disease is a type of malignancy in the lymph system (limphe) with histopathologic characteristic of Reed-Stenberg cells or Hodgkin cells. The cause is unclear, probably due to Epstein-Barr virus and the start of a lymph node with clinical symptoms, among others, enlargement of the gland, the heat did not know why, sweating, weight loss up to 10% over six months, sometimes glands The pain when drinking alcohol.
Freezing 4. Blood disorders. There are so many kinds of blood clotting disorders, among others,
1. Bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency Vitamin K is needed at several levels of substances formation of blood clotting factors, fortunately vitamin K formed constantly by these bacteria in food usus.Didalam there are a lot of vitamin K in fish paste.
2. Hemophilia. Blood clotting disorders who heriditer derived in boys.
3 Thrombocytopenia. Bleeding disorders due to platelet count very little.
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