Nurse Care

 Print this page

nursing

The heart lies in the mediastinum of the chest cavity (thoracic), between the two lungs. Membrane surrounding the heart called the pericardium, which consists of two layers:
-Parietal pericardium, which is attached to the outer layer of bone lining the chest and lungs.
-Visceral pericardium, ie the surface layer of the heart itself, which is also called epikardium.

Between the two layers of membrane, there are little liquid lubricant which
serves to reduce friction caused by the motion of the heart while pumping. This fluid is called fluid pericardium.

Cardiac structure
Heart wall consists of three layers, namely:
1. The outer layer is called epikardium or prikardium visceral.
2. The middle layer is a layer berorot, called the myocardium.
3. Layer is called the endokardium.

Heart chambers
The heart consists of four spaces, namely two thin-walled room called the atria (the foyer), and two are thick-walled room called the ventricles (chambers).

Atrium
1. Right atrium serves as a reservoir (reservoir) of low blood oxygen throughout the body. Blood was flowing through the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus originating from the heart itself. Then the blood is pumped into the right ventricle and subsequently into the lungs.
2. Left atrium receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through four pulmonary veins fruit. Then the blood flow to left ventricle, and subsequently to the entire body through the aorta. The two atria are separated by a bulkhead, which is called the atrial septum.

2. Ventricular

Surface in ventricles showed furrows of muscle called the trabeculae. Several prominent groove, called the papillary muskulus. Muskulus papillary tip connected to the edge of the leaf valve atrioventrikuler by fibers called chordae tendinae.
1. Right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and keparu pumped through the pulmonary artery-lungs.
2. Left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium and is pumped throughout the body via the aorta.
The two ventricles are separated by a partition called the septum of the ventricles.

Heart valves
1. Valve atrioventrikuler

Therefore lies between the atrial and ventricular, then called the atrio-ventricular valves. Valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle has three leaves of the valve, called the tricuspid valve. While the valve that is located between the left atrium and left ventricle has two valves leaf, called the mitral valve. Atrioventrikuler valve allows blood to flow from each phase of the atrium to the ventricle in diastole, and to prevent backflow during ventricular systole (contraction).

2. Semilunar valve

Pulmonary valve lies in the pulmonary artery, to separate these vessels from the right ventricle. Aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta. Both these semilunar valve have similar shapes, consisting of three leaves of a symmetric valve accompanied by protrusion resembling a funnel that is associated with a fiber ring. The existence of semilunar valve allows blood to flow from each ventricle to the pulmonary artery or aorta during ventricular systole and diastole to prevent backflow when the ventricle.

Opening the valve occurred at the time each ventrilel contract, where ventricular pressure is higher than the pressure in the arterial vessels.

Adjacent to the aortic valve leaf there are three protruding aortic wall, which is called "sinus Valsalva. Estuary of the coronary artery lies in these bays. Sinuses coroner's function is to protect the estuary from leaf blockage of the aorta at the time of aortic valve opens.

Coronary artery
Coronary artery is the first branch from the systemic circulation. Coronary circulation consists of the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery.

The left coronary artery (the Left Main Coronary Artery - LMCA) has two major branches, namely: ramus anterior descending (LAD Left Anterior Desendence-) and ramus sirkumpleks (Left Circumflex-LCx). These arteries encircle the heart in both anatomic curves of the external, namely: atrioventrikuler groove that circles the heart between the atria and ventricles, and interventrikuler sulcus that separates the two ventricles. The second meeting of this hollow heart of the posterior surface of the section is a critical part be viewed from this angle anatomis.Tempat kruks known as the heart, and is one of the most important part of the heart. AtrioVentrikuler node (AVN Atrio-ventricular node) located at the point of this meeting, and blood vessels are passing kruks vessels that supply nutrients to AVNode.

The term dominance of the right and left dominance actually describes whether the right or left coronary artery that passes through these kruks.

The left coronary artery branched soon after leaving their base in the aorta. Ramus sirkumfleks walked beside the left heart in the groove atrioventrikuler kiri.Perjalanan in this round according to the designation and functions as a vascular sirkumfleks.Demikian also called the anterior descending ramus, which states the anatomical path of the branch artery tersebut.Arteri there are front side and down goto the bottom of the left surface of the heart through the front side of the groove intervebtrikuler. Then across the apex of the heart, reversed course and continue to lead upwards along the bottom surface of the groove interventrikuler to unite with a branch in the distal right coronary artery. This anatomical pathways to produce a relationship between coronary artery and heart muscle nutrient supply.

Right coronary artery running to the right side of the heart, the sulcus atrio-right ventricular. Basically, the right coronary artery feeding the right atrium, right ventricle and the inner wall of the left ventricle. Ramus sirkumfleks nourish the left atrium and the side wall and bottom of the left ventricle. Anterior descending ramus nourish the front wall of the left ventricle of the massif.

Although the SA node (Sino Atrial Node - SAN) is located right diatrium, but only 55% nutritional requirements are supplied by right coronary artery, while the other 42% supplied by arterial branches of the left sirkumfleks.

Nutrition for the AV node is supplied by arteries that cross kruks, ie 90% of right coronary artery and 10% of the arterial sirkumfleks.
Cardiac vein
Distribution of coronary venous actually parallel with coronary artery distribution.

Cardiac venous system has three parts, namely:
1. Tebesian vein is the smallest system, channeling some of the blood from the myocardium and right atrium-right ventricle.
2. Anterior vena kardiaka have a significant function, empty the contents of Venous Sinus part ventricle directly into the right atrium.
3. coronary and its branches, the venous system is the biggest and most important; functioning myocardial venous blood returns to channel into the right atrium via the coronary sinus os which empties into the inferior vena cava side.

by: nursing